diff --git a/.changeset/breakpoint-steps-cse-machine.md b/.changeset/breakpoint-steps-cse-machine.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f2daaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/breakpoint-steps-cse-machine.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+"@sourceacademy/common-cse-machine": minor
+"@sourceacademy/runner-cse-machine": minor
+"@sourceacademy/web-cse-machine": minor
+---
+
+Add `breakpointSteps` to the CSE snapshot protocol: a run-level array of 0-based step indices
+where a breakpoint (e.g. Python's `breakpoint()`) sits on top of the control. `CseMachinePlugin.sendSnapshots`
+takes it as an optional second argument (defaulting to `[]`); `CseMachineHostPlugin.receiveSnapshots`
+now receives it as a second parameter. Enables host apps to wire breakpoint-navigation controls
+for CSE-machine-based evaluators, matching the stepper's existing `redexNodeType` contract.
diff --git a/src/common/cse-machine/src/__tests__/common.test.ts b/src/common/cse-machine/src/__tests__/common.test.ts
index c431fd1..fa012f3 100644
--- a/src/common/cse-machine/src/__tests__/common.test.ts
+++ b/src/common/cse-machine/src/__tests__/common.test.ts
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ describe("structured-clone safety", () => {
         { stepIndex: 1, control: [{ displayText: "pop" }], stash: [], environments: [] },
       ],
       totalSteps: 2,
+      breakpointSteps: [1],
     };
     expect(structuredClone(msg)).toEqual(msg);
   });
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ describe("CseSnapshotMessage", () => {
       type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
       snapshots,
       totalSteps: snapshots.length,
+      breakpointSteps: [],
     };
     expect(msg.totalSteps).toBe(3);
     expect(msg.snapshots.length).toBe(msg.totalSteps);
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ describe("CseSnapshotMessage", () => {
       type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
       snapshots: [],
       totalSteps: 0,
+      breakpointSteps: [],
     };
     expect(msg.snapshots).toHaveLength(0);
     expect(msg.totalSteps).toBe(0);
@@ -126,9 +129,35 @@ describe("CseSnapshotMessage", () => {
       type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
       snapshots: [],
       totalSteps: 0,
+      breakpointSteps: [],
     };
     expect(msg.type).toBe(CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS);
   });
+
+  it("breakpointSteps carries the step indices where a breakpoint sits on top of the control", () => {
+    const snapshots: CseSnapshot[] = [
+      { stepIndex: 0, control: [], stash: [], environments: [] },
+      { stepIndex: 1, control: [{ displayText: "breakpoint()" }], stash: [], environments: [] },
+      { stepIndex: 2, control: [], stash: [], environments: [] },
+    ];
+    const msg: CseSnapshotMessage = {
+      type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
+      snapshots,
+      totalSteps: snapshots.length,
+      breakpointSteps: [1],
+    };
+    expect(msg.breakpointSteps).toEqual([1]);
+  });
+
+  it("breakpointSteps may be empty when no breakpoint was hit", () => {
+    const msg: CseSnapshotMessage = {
+      type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
+      snapshots: [],
+      totalSteps: 0,
+      breakpointSteps: [],
+    };
+    expect(msg.breakpointSteps).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
 });
 
 // ── CseSnapshot optional fields ───────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/src/common/cse-machine/src/index.ts b/src/common/cse-machine/src/index.ts
index 80db98c..300db4c 100644
--- a/src/common/cse-machine/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/common/cse-machine/src/index.ts
@@ -138,4 +138,11 @@ export interface CseSnapshotMessage {
   snapshots: CseSnapshot[];
   /** Convenience count; equals `snapshots.length`. */
   totalSteps: number;
+  /**
+   * 0-based `stepIndex`es, in ascending order, of steps where a breakpoint (e.g. Python's
+   * `breakpoint()`, JavaScript's `debugger;`) sits on top of the control. Used by the host's
+   * breakpoint-navigation controls to jump directly between these steps. Optional so older
+   * runners that predate this field remain valid `CseSnapshotMessage`s.
+   */
+  breakpointSteps?: number[];
 }
diff --git a/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts b/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts
index 29e9ab6..0f0f984 100644
--- a/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts
+++ b/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts
@@ -102,9 +102,25 @@ describe("sendSnapshots", () => {
       type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
       snapshots: [],
       totalSteps: 0,
+      breakpointSteps: [],
     });
   });
 
+  test("defaults breakpointSteps to an empty array when omitted", () => {
+    const channel = makeChannel();
+    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
+    plugin.sendSnapshots([minimalSnapshot()]);
+    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].breakpointSteps).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("forwards the breakpointSteps argument unchanged", () => {
+    const channel = makeChannel();
+    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
+    const snapshots = [minimalSnapshot(), { ...minimalSnapshot(), stepIndex: 1 }];
+    plugin.sendSnapshots(snapshots, [1]);
+    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].breakpointSteps).toEqual([1]);
+  });
+
   test("handles a large batch of snapshots", () => {
     const channel = makeChannel();
     const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
diff --git a/src/runner/cse-machine/src/index.ts b/src/runner/cse-machine/src/index.ts
index 16f56e6..fdc0902 100644
--- a/src/runner/cse-machine/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/runner/cse-machine/src/index.ts
@@ -39,12 +39,14 @@ export class CseMachinePlugin implements IPlugin {
   /**
    * Send a full run's worth of snapshots to the host plugin.
    * @param snapshots The serialized evaluation snapshots, in step order.
+   * @param breakpointSteps 0-based step indices where a breakpoint sits on top of the control.
    */
-  sendSnapshots(snapshots: CseSnapshot[]): void {
+  sendSnapshots(snapshots: CseSnapshot[], breakpointSteps: number[] = []): void {
     this.__cseChannel.send({
       type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
       snapshots,
       totalSteps: snapshots.length,
+      breakpointSteps,
     });
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/web/cse-machine/src/__tests__/web.test.ts b/src/web/cse-machine/src/__tests__/web.test.ts
index e816288..0926db1 100644
--- a/src/web/cse-machine/src/__tests__/web.test.ts
+++ b/src/web/cse-machine/src/__tests__/web.test.ts
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ const snapshot = (): CseSnapshot => ({
   environments: [{ id: "g", name: "global", parentId: null, bindings: [], isActive: true }],
 });
 
-const validMessage = (snapshots: CseSnapshot[] = [snapshot()]) => ({
+const validMessage = (snapshots: CseSnapshot[] = [snapshot()], breakpointSteps: number[] = []) => ({
   type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
   snapshots,
   totalSteps: snapshots.length,
+  breakpointSteps,
 });
 
 // ── Identity / wiring ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ describe("valid messages", () => {
     const { receive } = makePlugin(channel);
     channel.emit(validMessage());
     expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
-    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([snapshot()]);
+    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([snapshot()], []);
   });
 
   test("receiveSnapshots receives multiple snapshots in order", () => {
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ describe("valid messages", () => {
     const { receive } = makePlugin(channel);
     const snaps = [snapshot(), { ...snapshot(), stepIndex: 1 }, { ...snapshot(), stepIndex: 2 }];
     channel.emit(validMessage(snaps));
-    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith(snaps);
+    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith(snaps, []);
   });
 
   test("receiveSnapshots is called once per valid message", () => {
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ describe("valid messages", () => {
     const channel = makeChannel();
     const { receive } = makePlugin(channel);
     channel.emit(validMessage([]));
-    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([]);
+    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([], []);
   });
 
   test("preserves snapshot fields passed through the channel", () => {
@@ -120,7 +121,21 @@ describe("valid messages", () => {
       currentLine: 9,
     };
     channel.emit(validMessage([snap]));
-    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([snap]);
+    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([snap], []);
+  });
+
+  test("receiveSnapshots is called with the breakpointSteps array", () => {
+    const channel = makeChannel();
+    const { receive } = makePlugin(channel);
+    channel.emit(validMessage([snapshot(), { ...snapshot(), stepIndex: 1 }], [1]));
+    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([snapshot(), { ...snapshot(), stepIndex: 1 }], [1]);
+  });
+
+  test("defaults breakpointSteps to an empty array when the field is missing from the message", () => {
+    const channel = makeChannel();
+    const { receive } = makePlugin(channel);
+    channel.emit({ type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS, snapshots: [snapshot()], totalSteps: 1 });
+    expect(receive).toHaveBeenCalledWith([snapshot()], []);
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/src/web/cse-machine/src/index.ts b/src/web/cse-machine/src/index.ts
index 1407915..bb1a322 100644
--- a/src/web/cse-machine/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/web/cse-machine/src/index.ts
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ export abstract class CseMachineHostPlugin implements IPlugin {
   /**
    * Called by the plugin with each received batch of snapshots.
    * Implement this in the host app to wire snapshots into the visualization layer.
+   * @param breakpointSteps 0-based step indices where a breakpoint sits on top of the control.
    */
-  abstract receiveSnapshots(snapshots: CseSnapshot[]): void;
+  abstract receiveSnapshots(snapshots: CseSnapshot[], breakpointSteps: number[]): void;
 
   constructor(
     _conduit: IConduit,
@@ -53,7 +54,10 @@ export abstract class CseMachineHostPlugin implements IPlugin {
         Array.isArray(message.snapshots) &&
         message.totalSteps === message.snapshots.length
       ) {
-        this.receiveSnapshots(message.snapshots);
+        this.receiveSnapshots(
+          message.snapshots,
+          Array.isArray(message.breakpointSteps) ? message.breakpointSteps : [],
+        );
       }
     });
   }