diff --git a/system/Commands/Utilities/Publish.php b/system/Commands/Utilities/Publish.php
index 0fc6ef44efc8..2a7fc52e239e 100644
--- a/system/Commands/Utilities/Publish.php
+++ b/system/Commands/Utilities/Publish.php
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@
 
 namespace CodeIgniter\Commands\Utilities;
 
-use CodeIgniter\CLI\BaseCommand;
+use CodeIgniter\CLI\AbstractCommand;
+use CodeIgniter\CLI\Attributes\Command;
 use CodeIgniter\CLI\CLI;
+use CodeIgniter\CLI\Input\Argument;
+use CodeIgniter\CLI\Input\Option;
 use CodeIgniter\Publisher\Publisher;
 
 /**
@@ -22,100 +25,81 @@
  * across namespaces. Executes `publish()` from each instance, parsing
  * each result.
  */
-class Publish extends BaseCommand
+#[Command(
+    name: 'publish',
+    description: 'Discovers and executes all predefined Publisher classes.',
+    group: 'CodeIgniter',
+)]
+class Publish extends AbstractCommand
 {
-    /**
-     * The group the command is lumped under
-     * when listing commands.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $group = 'CodeIgniter';
-
-    /**
-     * The Command's name
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $name = 'publish';
-
-    /**
-     * The Command's short description
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $description = 'Discovers and executes all predefined Publisher classes.';
-
-    /**
-     * The Command's usage
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $usage = 'publish [<directory>]';
-
-    /**
-     * The Command's arguments
-     *
-     * @var array<string, string>
-     */
-    protected $arguments = [
-        'directory' => '[Optional] The directory to scan within each namespace. Default: "Publishers".',
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * the Command's Options
-     *
-     * @var array<string, string>
-     */
-    protected $options = [
-        '--namespace' => 'The namespace from which to search for files to publish. By default, all namespaces are analysed.',
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * Displays the help for the spark cli script itself.
-     */
-    public function run(array $params)
+    protected function configure(): void
     {
-        $directory = $params[0] ?? 'Publishers';
-        $namespace = $params['namespace'] ?? '';
+        $this
+            ->addArgument(new Argument(
+                name: 'directory',
+                description: 'The directory to scan within each namespace.',
+                default: 'Publishers',
+            ))
+            ->addOption(new Option(
+                name: 'namespace',
+                description: 'The namespace from which to search for files to publish. By default, all namespaces are analysed.',
+                requiresValue: true,
+                default: '',
+            ));
+    }
+
+    protected function execute(array $arguments, array $options): int
+    {
+        $directory = $arguments['directory'];
+        $namespace = $options['namespace'];
+
+        $publishers = Publisher::discover($directory, $namespace);
 
-        if ([] === $publishers = Publisher::discover($directory, $namespace)) {
-            if ($namespace === '') {
-                CLI::write(lang('Publisher.publishMissing', [$directory]));
-            } else {
-                CLI::write(lang('Publisher.publishMissingNamespace', [$directory, $namespace]));
-            }
+        if ($publishers === []) {
+            CLI::write($namespace === ''
+                ? lang('Publisher.publishMissing', [$directory])
+                : lang('Publisher.publishMissingNamespace', [$directory, $namespace]));
 
             return EXIT_ERROR;
         }
 
-        $exit = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+        $failed = array_reduce(
+            $publishers,
+            function (bool $carry, Publisher $publisher): bool {
+                // Kept out of the return expression so `||` cannot skip publishing after a failure.
+                $published = $this->publishOne($publisher);
 
-        foreach ($publishers as $publisher) {
-            if ($publisher->publish()) {
-                CLI::write(lang('Publisher.publishSuccess', [
-                    $publisher::class,
-                    count($publisher->getPublished()),
-                    $publisher->getDestination(),
-                ]), 'green');
+                return $carry || ! $published;
+            },
+            false,
+        );
 
-                continue;
-            }
+        return (int) $failed;
+    }
 
-            CLI::error(lang('Publisher.publishFailure', [
+    private function publishOne(Publisher $publisher): bool
+    {
+        if ($publisher->publish()) {
+            CLI::write(lang('Publisher.publishSuccess', [
                 $publisher::class,
+                count($publisher->getPublished()),
                 $publisher->getDestination(),
-            ]), 'light_gray', 'red');
+            ]), 'green');
+
+            return true;
+        }
 
-            foreach ($publisher->getErrors() as $file => $exception) {
-                CLI::write($file);
-                CLI::error($exception->getMessage());
-                CLI::newLine();
-            }
+        CLI::error(lang('Publisher.publishFailure', [
+            $publisher::class,
+            $publisher->getDestination(),
+        ]), 'light_gray', 'red');
 
-            $exit = EXIT_ERROR;
+        foreach ($publisher->getErrors() as $file => $exception) {
+            CLI::write($file);
+            CLI::error($exception->getMessage());
+            CLI::newLine();
         }
 
-        return $exit;
+        return false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/system/Commands/Utilities/PublishCommandTest.php b/tests/system/Commands/Utilities/PublishCommandTest.php
index ad35865367ec..737b55f7ef0c 100644
--- a/tests/system/Commands/Utilities/PublishCommandTest.php
+++ b/tests/system/Commands/Utilities/PublishCommandTest.php
@@ -55,4 +55,24 @@ public function testFailure(): void
             WRITEPATH,
         ]), $this->getStreamFilterBuffer());
     }
+
+    public function testNoPublishersInDirectory(): void
+    {
+        command('publish NoSuchDirectory');
+
+        $this->assertStringContainsString(
+            lang('Publisher.publishMissing', ['NoSuchDirectory']),
+            $this->getStreamFilterBuffer(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testNoPublishersInNamespace(): void
+    {
+        command('publish --namespace NoSuchNamespace');
+
+        $this->assertStringContainsString(
+            lang('Publisher.publishMissingNamespace', ['Publishers', 'NoSuchNamespace']),
+            $this->getStreamFilterBuffer(),
+        );
+    }
 }