diff --git a/goldens/material/bottom-sheet/index.api.md b/goldens/material/bottom-sheet/index.api.md
index 82c18018fbeb..1e99cde0cc4f 100644
--- a/goldens/material/bottom-sheet/index.api.md
+++ b/goldens/material/bottom-sheet/index.api.md
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export class MatBottomSheetContainer extends CdkDialogContainer implements OnDes
     enter(): void;
     exit(): void;
     // (undocumented)
-    protected _handleAnimationEvent(isStart: boolean, animationName: string): void;
+    protected _handleAnimationEvent(isStart: boolean, animationName: string, target: EventTarget | null): void;
     // (undocumented)
     ngOnDestroy(): void;
     // (undocumented)
diff --git a/scripts/approve-api-golden.mts b/scripts/approve-api-golden.mts
index fd3a417c6fed..84a6964ca5a4 100644
--- a/scripts/approve-api-golden.mts
+++ b/scripts/approve-api-golden.mts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
 import chalk from 'chalk';
+import {execFileSync} from 'child_process';
 import {join} from 'path';
 import sh from 'shelljs';
 import {guessPackageName} from './util.mjs';
 
-const bazel = process.env['BAZEL'] || 'pnpm -s bazel';
 const targetsToRun = new Set<string>();
 
 if (process.argv.length < 3) {
@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ for (const searchPackageName of process.argv.slice(2)) {
 }
 
 for (const target of targetsToRun) {
-  sh.exec(`${bazel} run ${target}`);
+  execFileSync('pnpm', ['-s', 'bazel', 'run', target], {stdio: 'inherit'});
 }
diff --git a/scripts/create-package-archives.mjs b/scripts/create-package-archives.mjs
index 537e0e782a05..8c7e93861d20 100755
--- a/scripts/create-package-archives.mjs
+++ b/scripts/create-package-archives.mjs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  */
 
 import {join} from 'path';
+import {execFileSync} from 'child_process';
 import sh from 'shelljs';
 import chalk from 'chalk';
 import yargs from 'yargs';
@@ -40,16 +41,38 @@ const builtPackages = sh
 // If multiple packages should be archived, we also generate a single archive that
 // contains all packages. This makes it easier to transfer the release packages.
 if (builtPackages.length > 1) {
-  console.info('Creating archive with all packages..');
-  sh.exec(
-    `tar --create --gzip --directory ${releasesDir} --file ${archivesDir}/all-${suffix}.tgz .`,
+  console.info('Creating archive with all packages...');
+  execFileSync(
+    'tar',
+    [
+      '--create',
+      '--gzip',
+      '--directory',
+      releasesDir,
+      '--file',
+      `${archivesDir}/all-${suffix}.tgz`,
+      '.',
+    ],
+    {stdio: 'inherit'},
   );
 }
 
+// Note that we're using `exec` here, rather than interpolating the arguments into `sh.exec`,
+// to avoid a potential command injection through the `suffix` which is user-provided.
 for (const pkg of builtPackages) {
   console.info(`Creating archive for package: ${pkg.name}`);
-  sh.exec(
-    `tar --create --gzip --directory ${pkg.path} --file ${archivesDir}/${pkg.name}-${suffix}.tgz .`,
+  execFileSync(
+    'tar',
+    [
+      '--create',
+      '--gzip',
+      '--directory',
+      pkg.path,
+      '--file',
+      `${archivesDir}/${pkg.name}-${suffix}.tgz`,
+      '.',
+    ],
+    {stdio: 'inherit'},
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/aria/private/behaviors/event-manager/keyboard-event-manager.ts b/src/aria/private/behaviors/event-manager/keyboard-event-manager.ts
index 3685fc2e65d7..0b41a08c8f8d 100644
--- a/src/aria/private/behaviors/event-manager/keyboard-event-manager.ts
+++ b/src/aria/private/behaviors/event-manager/keyboard-event-manager.ts
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export class KeyboardEventManager<T extends KeyboardEvent> extends EventManager<
   }
 
   private _normalizeInputs(...args: unknown[]) {
-    const withModifiers = Array.isArray(args[0]) || (args[0] as string) in Modifier;
+    const withModifiers = Array.isArray(args[0]) || Modifier.hasOwnProperty(args[0] as string);
     const modifiers = withModifiers ? args[0] : Modifier.None;
     const key = withModifiers ? args[1] : args[0];
     const handler = withModifiers ? args[2] : args[1];
diff --git a/src/cdk/layout/media-matcher.ts b/src/cdk/layout/media-matcher.ts
index 8459b90021be..cdce864b36e3 100644
--- a/src/cdk/layout/media-matcher.ts
+++ b/src/cdk/layout/media-matcher.ts
@@ -73,7 +73,12 @@ function createEmptyStyleRule(query: string, nonce: string | undefined | null) {
     }
 
     if (mediaQueryStyleNode.sheet) {
-      mediaQueryStyleNode.sheet.insertRule(`@media ${query} {body{ }}`, 0);
+      mediaQueryStyleNode.sheet.insertRule(
+        // Drop the curly braces to avoid injection attacks. Curly braces aren't
+        // valid media query syntax so this should be a no-op in valid cases.
+        `@media ${query.replace(/[{}]/g, '')} {body{ }}`,
+        0,
+      );
       mediaQueriesForWebkitCompatibility.add(query);
     }
   } catch (e) {
diff --git a/src/material/bottom-sheet/bottom-sheet-container.ts b/src/material/bottom-sheet/bottom-sheet-container.ts
index 49bbc54d830f..93331d8df6e1 100644
--- a/src/material/bottom-sheet/bottom-sheet-container.ts
+++ b/src/material/bottom-sheet/bottom-sheet-container.ts
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ const EXIT_ANIMATION = '_mat-bottom-sheet-exit';
     '[attr.role]': '_config.role',
     '[attr.aria-modal]': '_config.ariaModal',
     '[attr.aria-label]': '_config.ariaLabel',
-    '(animationstart)': '_handleAnimationEvent(true, $event.animationName)',
-    '(animationend)': '_handleAnimationEvent(false, $event.animationName)',
-    '(animationcancel)': '_handleAnimationEvent(false, $event.animationName)',
+    '(animationstart)': '_handleAnimationEvent(true, $event.animationName, $event.target)',
+    '(animationend)': '_handleAnimationEvent(false, $event.animationName, $event.target)',
+    '(animationcancel)': '_handleAnimationEvent(false, $event.animationName, $event.target)',
   },
   imports: [CdkPortalOutlet],
 })
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ export class MatBottomSheetContainer extends CdkDialogContainer implements OnDes
 
   private _simulateAnimation(name: typeof ENTER_ANIMATION | typeof EXIT_ANIMATION) {
     this._ngZone.run(() => {
-      this._handleAnimationEvent(true, name);
-      setTimeout(() => this._handleAnimationEvent(false, name));
+      this._handleAnimationEvent(true, name, this._elementRef.nativeElement);
+      setTimeout(() => this._handleAnimationEvent(false, name, this._elementRef.nativeElement));
     });
   }
 
@@ -139,15 +139,21 @@ export class MatBottomSheetContainer extends CdkDialogContainer implements OnDes
     super._trapFocus({preventScroll: true});
   }
 
-  protected _handleAnimationEvent(isStart: boolean, animationName: string) {
-    const isEnter = animationName === ENTER_ANIMATION;
-    const isExit = animationName === EXIT_ANIMATION;
-
-    if (isEnter || isExit) {
-      this._animationStateChanged.emit({
-        toState: isEnter ? 'visible' : 'hidden',
-        phase: isStart ? 'start' : 'done',
-      });
+  protected _handleAnimationEvent(
+    isStart: boolean,
+    animationName: string,
+    target: EventTarget | null,
+  ) {
+    if (target === this._elementRef.nativeElement) {
+      const isEnter = animationName === ENTER_ANIMATION;
+      const isExit = animationName === EXIT_ANIMATION;
+
+      if (isEnter || isExit) {
+        this._animationStateChanged.emit({
+          toState: isEnter ? 'visible' : 'hidden',
+          phase: isStart ? 'start' : 'done',
+        });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/material/grid-list/tile-coordinator.ts b/src/material/grid-list/tile-coordinator.ts
index 14ebc161a39a..cbd84c0a73db 100644
--- a/src/material/grid-list/tile-coordinator.ts
+++ b/src/material/grid-list/tile-coordinator.ts
@@ -94,10 +94,9 @@ export class TileCoordinator {
 
   /** Finds the next available space large enough to fit the tile. */
   private _findMatchingGap(tileCols: number): number {
-    if (tileCols > this.tracker.length && (typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode)) {
+    if (tileCols > this.tracker.length) {
       throw Error(
-        `mat-grid-list: tile with colspan ${tileCols} is wider than ` +
-          `grid with cols="${this.tracker.length}".`,
+        `mat-grid-list: tile with colspan ${tileCols} is wider than grid with cols="${this.tracker.length}".`,
       );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/material/stepper/stepper.ts b/src/material/stepper/stepper.ts
index edf98e72b2db..394966d9968e 100644
--- a/src/material/stepper/stepper.ts
+++ b/src/material/stepper/stepper.ts
@@ -203,7 +203,13 @@ export class MatStepper extends CdkStepper implements AfterViewInit, AfterConten
     return this._animationDuration;
   }
   set animationDuration(value: string) {
-    this._animationDuration = /^\d+$/.test(value) ? value + 'ms' : value;
+    if (/^[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?$/.test(value)) {
+      this._animationDuration = value + 'ms';
+    } else if (/^[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?(?:ms|s)$/.test(value)) {
+      this._animationDuration = value;
+    } else {
+      this._animationDuration = '';
+    }
   }
   private _animationDuration = '';
 
diff --git a/tools/markdown-to-html/docs-marked-renderer.mts b/tools/markdown-to-html/docs-marked-renderer.mts
index 1432b9860f51..8589c6afada7 100644
--- a/tools/markdown-to-html/docs-marked-renderer.mts
+++ b/tools/markdown-to-html/docs-marked-renderer.mts
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ export class DocsMarkdownRenderer extends Renderer {
           file: string;
           region: string;
         };
-        replacement = `<div material-docs-example="${example}"
-                             ${file ? `file="${file}"` : ''}
-                             ${region ? `region="${region}"` : ''}></div>`;
+        replacement = `<div material-docs-example="${this._escapeHtml(example)}"
+                             ${file ? `file="${this._escapeHtml(file)}"` : ''}
+                             ${region ? `region="${this._escapeHtml(region)}"` : ''}></div>`;
       } else {
-        replacement = `<div material-docs-example="${content}"></div>`;
+        replacement = `<div material-docs-example="${this._escapeHtml(content)}"></div>`;
       }
 
       return `${exampleStartMarker}${replacement}${exampleEndMarker}`;
@@ -154,4 +154,17 @@ export class DocsMarkdownRenderer extends Renderer {
 
     return `${markdownOpen}${output}</div>`;
   }
+
+  private _escapeHtml(text: string): string {
+    if (!text) {
+      return text;
+    }
+
+    return text
+      .replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
+      .replace(/</g, '&lt;')
+      .replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
+      .replace(/"/g, '&quot;')
+      .replace(/'/g, '&#39;');
+  }
 }